nixos/modules: fix systemd start rate-limits

These were broken since 2016:
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/f0367da7d1a61ad698a55d17b5c28ddce0dc265a
since StartLimitIntervalSec got moved into [Unit] from [Service].
StartLimitBurst has also been moved accordingly, so let's fix that one
too.

NixOS systems have been producing logs such as:
/nix/store/wf98r55aszi1bkmln1lvdbp7znsfr70i-unit-caddy.service/caddy.service:31:
Unknown key name 'StartLimitIntervalSec' in section 'Service', ignoring.

I have also removed some unnecessary duplication in units disabling
rate limiting since setting either interval or burst to zero disables it
(https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/ad16158c10dfc3258831a9ff2f1a988214f51653/src/basic/ratelimit.c#L16)

nixos/modules/services/continuous-integration/hercules-ci-agent/default.nix

@@ -25,19 +25,18 @@ in
   ];
 
   config = mkIf cfg.enable {
-
     systemd.services.hercules-ci-agent = {
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       after = [ "network-online.target" ];
       wants = [ "network-online.target" ];
       path = [ config.nix.package ];
+      startLimitBurst = 30 * 1000000; # practically infinite
       serviceConfig = {
         User = "hercules-ci-agent";
         ExecStart = command;
         ExecStartPre = testCommand;
         Restart = "on-failure";
         RestartSec = 120;
-        StartLimitBurst = 30 * 1000000; # practically infinite
       };
     };
 

nixos/modules/services/databases/victoriametrics.nix

@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ let cfg = config.services.victoriametrics; in
     systemd.services.victoriametrics = {
       description = "VictoriaMetrics time series database";
       after = [ "network.target" ];
+      startLimitBurst = 5;
       serviceConfig = {
         Restart = "on-failure";
         RestartSec = 1;
-        StartLimitBurst = 5;
         StateDirectory = "victoriametrics";
         DynamicUser = true;
         ExecStart = ''

nixos/modules/services/hardware/lcd.nix

@@ -151,14 +151,13 @@ in with lib; {
         description = "LCDproc - client";
         after = [ "lcdd.service" ];
         wantedBy = [ "lcd.target" ];
+        # Allow restarting for eternity
+        startLimitIntervalSec = lib.mkIf cfg.client.restartForever 0;
         serviceConfig = serviceCfg // {
           ExecStart = "${pkg}/bin/lcdproc -f -c ${clientCfg}";
           # If the server is being restarted at the same time, the client will
           # fail as it cannot connect, so space it out a bit.
           RestartSec = "5";
-          # Allow restarting for eternity
-          StartLimitIntervalSec = lib.mkIf cfg.client.restartForever "0";
-          StartLimitBurst = lib.mkIf cfg.client.restartForever "0";
         };
       };
     };

nixos/modules/services/mail/dovecot.nix

@@ -427,12 +427,12 @@ in
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       restartTriggers = [ cfg.configFile modulesDir ];
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 60;  # 1 min
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = "${dovecotPkg}/sbin/dovecot -F";
         ExecReload = "${dovecotPkg}/sbin/doveadm reload";
         Restart = "on-failure";
         RestartSec = "1s";
-        StartLimitInterval = "1min";
         RuntimeDirectory = [ "dovecot2" ];
       };
 

nixos/modules/services/misc/autorandr.nix

@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ in {
       description = "Autorandr execution hook";
       after = [ "sleep.target" ];
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 5;
+      startLimitBurst = 1;
       serviceConfig = {
-        StartLimitInterval = 5;
-        StartLimitBurst = 1;
         ExecStart = "${pkgs.autorandr}/bin/autorandr --batch --change --default ${cfg.defaultTarget}";
         Type = "oneshot";
         RemainAfterExit = false;

nixos/modules/services/misc/cgminer.nix

@@ -126,12 +126,12 @@ in
         GPU_USE_SYNC_OBJECTS = "1";
       };
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 60;  # 1 min
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = "${pkgs.cgminer}/bin/cgminer --syslog --text-only --config ${cgminerConfig}";
         User = cfg.user;
         RestartSec = "30s";
         Restart = "always";
-        StartLimitInterval = "1m";
       };
     };
 

nixos/modules/services/misc/safeeyes.nix

@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ in
       wantedBy = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
       partOf   = [ "graphical-session.target" ];
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 350;
+      startLimitBurst = 10;
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = ''
           ${pkgs.safeeyes}/bin/safeeyes
         '';
         Restart = "on-failure";
         RestartSec = 3;
-        StartLimitInterval = 350;
-        StartLimitBurst = 10;
       };
     };
 

nixos/modules/services/monitoring/teamviewer.nix

@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ in
       after = [ "NetworkManager-wait-online.service" "network.target" ];
       preStart = "mkdir -pv /var/lib/teamviewer /var/log/teamviewer";
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 60;
+      startLimitBurst = 10;
       serviceConfig = {
         Type = "forking";
         ExecStart = "${pkgs.teamviewer}/bin/teamviewerd -d";
         PIDFile = "/run/teamviewerd.pid";
         ExecReload = "${pkgs.coreutils}/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID";
         Restart = "on-abort";
-        StartLimitInterval = "60";
-        StartLimitBurst = "10";
       };
     };
   };

nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/ceph.nix

@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ let
 
     # Don't start services that are not yet initialized
     unitConfig.ConditionPathExists = "/var/lib/${stateDirectory}/keyring";
+    startLimitBurst =
+      if daemonType == "osd" then 30 else if lib.elem daemonType ["mgr" "mds"] then 3 else 5;
+    startLimitIntervalSec = 60 * 30;  # 30 mins
 
     serviceConfig = {
       LimitNOFILE = 1048576;
@@ -39,8 +42,6 @@ let
       ProtectHome = "true";
       ProtectSystem = "full";
       Restart = "on-failure";
-      StartLimitBurst = "5";
-      StartLimitInterval = "30min";
       StateDirectory = stateDirectory;
       User = "ceph";
       Group = if daemonType == "osd" then "disk" else "ceph";
@@ -48,13 +49,10 @@ let
                     -f --cluster ${clusterName} --id ${daemonId}'';
     } // optionalAttrs (daemonType == "osd") {
       ExecStartPre = ''${ceph.lib}/libexec/ceph/ceph-osd-prestart.sh --id ${daemonId} --cluster ${clusterName}'';
-      StartLimitBurst = "30";
       RestartSec = "20s";
       PrivateDevices = "no"; # osd needs disk access
     } // optionalAttrs ( daemonType == "mon") {
       RestartSec = "10";
-    } // optionalAttrs (lib.elem daemonType ["mgr" "mds"]) {
-      StartLimitBurst = "3";
     };
   });
 

nixos/modules/services/networking/cjdns.nix

@@ -264,10 +264,10 @@ in
          ''
       );
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 0;
       serviceConfig = {
         Type = "forking";
         Restart = "always";
-        StartLimitInterval = 0;
         RestartSec = 1;
         CapabilityBoundingSet = "CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_NET_RAW CAP_SETUID";
         ProtectSystem = true;

nixos/modules/services/networking/dnsdist.nix

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ in {
     systemd.services.dnsdist = {
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 0;
       serviceConfig = {
         DynamicUser = true;
 

nixos/modules/services/networking/mullvad-vpn.nix

@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ with lib;
         # Needed for ping
         "/run/wrappers"
       ];
+      startLimitBurst = 5;
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 20;
       serviceConfig = {
-        StartLimitBurst = 5;
-        StartLimitIntervalSec = 20;
         ExecStart = "${pkgs.mullvad-vpn}/bin/mullvad-daemon -v --disable-stdout-timestamps";
         Restart = "always";
         RestartSec = 1;

nixos/modules/services/networking/namecoind.nix

@@ -165,6 +165,8 @@ in
       after    = [ "network.target" ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 120;
+      startLimitBurst = 5;
       serviceConfig = {
         User  = "namecoin";
         Group = "namecoin";
@@ -176,8 +178,6 @@ in
         TimeoutStopSec     = "60s";
         TimeoutStartSec    = "2s";
         Restart            = "always";
-        StartLimitInterval = "120s";
-        StartLimitBurst    = "5";
       };
 
       preStart = optionalString (cfg.wallet != "${dataDir}/wallet.dat")  ''

nixos/modules/services/networking/nextdns.nix

@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ in {
       environment = {
         SERVICE_RUN_MODE = "1";
       };
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 5;
+      startLimitBurst = 10;
       serviceConfig = {
-        StartLimitInterval = 5;
-        StartLimitBurst = 10;
         ExecStart = "${pkgs.nextdns}/bin/nextdns run ${escapeShellArgs config.services.nextdns.arguments}";
         RestartSec = 120;
         LimitMEMLOCK = "infinity";

nixos/modules/services/networking/nix-store-gcs-proxy.nix

@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ in
       description = "A HTTP nix store that proxies requests to Google Storage";
       wantedBy = ["multi-user.target"];
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 10;
       serviceConfig = {
         RestartSec = 5;
-        StartLimitInterval = 10;
         ExecStart = ''
           ${pkgs.nix-store-gcs-proxy}/bin/nix-store-gcs-proxy \
             --bucket-name ${cfg.bucketName} \

nixos/modules/services/networking/nsd.nix

@@ -916,14 +916,14 @@ in
       after = [ "network.target" ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
 
+      startLimitBurst = 4;
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 5 * 60;  # 5 mins
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = "${nsdPkg}/sbin/nsd -d -c ${nsdEnv}/nsd.conf";
         StandardError = "null";
         PIDFile = pidFile;
         Restart = "always";
         RestartSec = "4s";
-        StartLimitBurst = 4;
-        StartLimitInterval = "5min";
       };
 
       preStart = ''

nixos/modules/services/networking/supybot.nix

@@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ in
         rm -f '${cfg.stateDir}/supybot.cfg.bak'
       '';
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 5 * 60;  # 5 min
+      startLimitBurst = 1;
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = "${pyEnv}/bin/supybot ${cfg.stateDir}/supybot.cfg";
         PIDFile = "/run/supybot.pid";
@@ -110,8 +112,6 @@ in
         Group = "supybot";
         UMask = "0007";
         Restart = "on-abort";
-        StartLimitInterval = "5m";
-        StartLimitBurst = "1";
 
         NoNewPrivileges = true;
         PrivateDevices = true;

nixos/modules/services/networking/tailscale.nix

@@ -25,10 +25,7 @@ in {
       wants = [ "network-pre.target" ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
 
-      unitConfig = {
-        StartLimitIntervalSec = 0;
-        StartLimitBurst = 0;
-      };
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 0;
 
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart =

nixos/modules/services/security/vault.nix

@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ in
 
       restartIfChanged = false; # do not restart on "nixos-rebuild switch". It would seal the storage and disrupt the clients.
 
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 60;
+      startLimitBurst = 3;
       serviceConfig = {
         User = "vault";
         Group = "vault";
@@ -145,8 +147,6 @@ in
         KillSignal = "SIGINT";
         TimeoutStopSec = "30s";
         Restart = "on-failure";
-        StartLimitInterval = "60s";
-        StartLimitBurst = 3;
       };
 
       unitConfig.RequiresMountsFor = optional (cfg.storagePath != null) cfg.storagePath;

nixos/modules/services/web-apps/moinmoin.nix

@@ -224,6 +224,8 @@ in
               chmod -R u+w ${dataDir}/${wikiIdent}/underlay
             '';
 
+            startLimitIntervalSec = 30;
+
             serviceConfig = {
               User = user;
               Group = group;
@@ -237,7 +239,6 @@ in
 
               Restart = "on-failure";
               RestartSec = "2s";
-              StartLimitIntervalSec = "30s";
 
               StateDirectory = "moin/${wikiIdent}";
               StateDirectoryMode = "0750";

nixos/modules/services/web-servers/caddy.nix

@@ -101,6 +101,8 @@ in {
       after = [ "network-online.target" ];
       wants = [ "network-online.target" ]; # systemd-networkd-wait-online.service
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 14400;
+      startLimitBurst = 10;
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/caddy run --config ${configJSON}";
         ExecReload = "${cfg.package}/bin/caddy reload --config ${configJSON}";
@@ -108,8 +110,6 @@ in {
         User = "caddy";
         Group = "caddy";
         Restart = "on-abnormal";
-        StartLimitIntervalSec = 14400;
-        StartLimitBurst = 10;
         AmbientCapabilities = "cap_net_bind_service";
         CapabilityBoundingSet = "cap_net_bind_service";
         NoNewPrivileges = true;

nixos/modules/services/web-servers/nginx/default.nix

@@ -693,6 +693,8 @@ in
         ${cfg.preStart}
         ${execCommand} -t
       '';
+
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 60;
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = execCommand;
         ExecReload = [
@@ -701,7 +703,6 @@ in
         ];
         Restart = "always";
         RestartSec = "10s";
-        StartLimitInterval = "1min";
         # User and group
         User = cfg.user;
         Group = cfg.group;

nixos/modules/services/web-servers/traefik.nix

@@ -136,6 +136,8 @@ in {
       description = "Traefik web server";
       after = [ "network-online.target" ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
+      startLimitIntervalSec = 86400;
+      startLimitBurst = 5;
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart =
           "${cfg.package}/bin/traefik --configfile=${staticConfigFile}";
@@ -143,8 +145,6 @@ in {
         User = "traefik";
         Group = cfg.group;
         Restart = "on-failure";
-        StartLimitInterval = 86400;
-        StartLimitBurst = 5;
         AmbientCapabilities = "cap_net_bind_service";
         CapabilityBoundingSet = "cap_net_bind_service";
         NoNewPrivileges = true;

nixos/modules/services/x11/xserver.nix

@@ -678,14 +678,14 @@ in
 
         script = "${cfg.displayManager.job.execCmd}";
 
+        # Stop restarting if the display manager stops (crashes) 2 times
+        # in one minute. Starting X typically takes 3-4s.
+        startLimitIntervalSec = 30;
+        startLimitBurst = 3;
         serviceConfig = {
           Restart = "always";
           RestartSec = "200ms";
           SyslogIdentifier = "display-manager";
-          # Stop restarting if the display manager stops (crashes) 2 times
-          # in one minute. Starting X typically takes 3-4s.
-          StartLimitInterval = "30s";
-          StartLimitBurst = "3";
         };
       };
 

nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd-unit-options.nix

@@ -210,12 +210,21 @@ in rec {
       '';
     };
 
+    startLimitBurst = mkOption {
+       type = types.int;
+       description = ''
+         Configure unit start rate limiting. Units which are started
+         more than startLimitBurst times within an interval time
+         interval are not permitted to start any more.
+       '';
+    };
+
     startLimitIntervalSec = mkOption {
        type = types.int;
        description = ''
          Configure unit start rate limiting. Units which are started
-         more than burst times within an interval time interval are
-         not permitted to start any more.
+         more than startLimitBurst times within an interval time
+         interval are not permitted to start any more.
        '';
     };
 
@@ -245,8 +254,7 @@ in rec {
     serviceConfig = mkOption {
       default = {};
       example =
-        { StartLimitInterval = 10;
-          RestartSec = 5;
+        { RestartSec = 5;
         };
       type = types.addCheck (types.attrsOf unitOption) checkService;
       description = ''

nixos/modules/system/boot/systemd.nix

@@ -243,6 +243,8 @@ let
           OnFailure = toString config.onFailure; }
         // optionalAttrs (options.startLimitIntervalSec.isDefined) {
           StartLimitIntervalSec = toString config.startLimitIntervalSec;
+        } // optionalAttrs (options.startLimitBurst.isDefined) {
+          StartLimitBurst = toString config.startLimitBurst;
         };
     };
   };