charmcraft: override craft-application to use v4

`craft-application` has been bumped to version 5,
which both `snapcraft` and `rockcraft` have
updated to use, but `charmcraft` has yet to make
the transition.

This change essentially just overrides the single
dependency to the supported version just for this
package, thus unblocking the evolution of other
dependencies in nixpkgs.

pkgs/by-name/ch/charmcraft/package.nix

@@ -1,12 +1,54 @@
 {
   lib,
   git,
-  python3Packages,
+  python3,
   fetchFromGitHub,
   nix-update-script,
+  testers,
+  charmcraft,
+  cacert,
 }:
+let
+  python = python3.override {
+    self = python;
+    packageOverrides = self: super: {
+      craft-application = super.craft-application.overridePythonAttrs (old: rec {
+        version = "4.10.0";
+        src = fetchFromGitHub {
+          owner = "canonical";
+          repo = "craft-application";
+          tag = version;
+          hash = "sha256-9M49/XQuWwKuQqseleTeZYcrwd/S16lNCljvlVsoXbs=";
+        };
 
-python3Packages.buildPythonApplication rec {
+        patches = [ ];
+
+        postPatch = ''
+          substituteInPlace pyproject.toml \
+            --replace-fail "setuptools==75.8.0" "setuptools"
+
+          substituteInPlace craft_application/git/_git_repo.py \
+            --replace-fail "/snap/core22/current/etc/ssl/certs" "${cacert}/etc/ssl/certs"
+        '';
+
+        preCheck = ''
+          export HOME=$(mktemp -d)
+
+          # Tests require access to /etc/os-release, which isn't accessible in
+          # the test environment, so create a fake file, and modify the code
+          # to look for it.
+          echo 'ID=nixos' > $HOME/os-release
+          echo 'NAME=NixOS' >> $HOME/os-release
+          echo 'VERSION_ID="24.05"' >> $HOME/os-release
+
+          substituteInPlace craft_application/util/platforms.py \
+            --replace-fail "os_utils.OsRelease()" "os_utils.OsRelease(os_release_file='$HOME/os-release')"
+        '';
+      });
+    };
+  };
+in
+python.pkgs.buildPythonApplication rec {
   pname = "charmcraft";
   version = "3.4.6";
 
@@ -23,7 +65,7 @@ python3Packages.buildPythonApplication rec {
     substituteInPlace charmcraft/__init__.py --replace-fail "dev" "${version}"
   '';
 
-  dependencies = with python3Packages; [
+  dependencies = with python.pkgs; [
     craft-application
     craft-cli
     craft-parts
@@ -47,7 +89,7 @@ python3Packages.buildPythonApplication rec {
     urllib3
   ];
 
-  build-system = with python3Packages; [ setuptools-scm ];
+  build-system = with python.pkgs; [ setuptools-scm ];
 
   pythonRelaxDeps = [
     "urllib3"
@@ -57,7 +99,7 @@ python3Packages.buildPythonApplication rec {
   ];
 
   nativeCheckInputs =
-    with python3Packages;
+    with python.pkgs;
     [
       freezegun
       hypothesis
@@ -69,7 +111,10 @@ python3Packages.buildPythonApplication rec {
       responses
       setuptools
     ]
-    ++ [ git ];
+    ++ [
+      cacert
+      git
+    ];
 
   preCheck = ''
     mkdir -p check-phase
@@ -85,7 +130,14 @@ python3Packages.buildPythonApplication rec {
     "test_read_charm_from_yaml_file_self_contained_success[full-platforms.yaml]"
   ];
 
-  passthru.updateScript = nix-update-script { };
+  passthru = {
+    updateScript = nix-update-script { };
+    tests.version = testers.testVersion {
+      package = charmcraft;
+      command = "env SSL_CERT_FILE=${cacert}/etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt HOME=$(mktemp -d) charmcraft --version";
+      version = "charmcraft ${version}";
+    };
+  };
 
   meta = {
     mainProgram = "charmcraft";