python311: fix cross to/from musl (#260641)

The situation:

Python <3.11: under Linux the abi string is always -gnu*

Python 3.11-3.12: musl is treated as its own abi in the python build system, but when cross-compiling the build host's libc is used for the target abi string. Cross compiling from glibc to musl gives a -gnu* target abi string and vice versa.

Python >=3.13: musl is treated as its own abi, and when cross-compiling the target libc is used for the target abi string

We backport the fix for python 3.11-3.12, since the intermediate state is almost impossible to model in the nix expression

pkgs/development/interpreters/python/cpython/default.nix

@@ -302,9 +302,12 @@ in with passthru; stdenv.mkDerivation {
     ./3.8/0001-On-all-posix-systems-not-just-Darwin-set-LDSHARED-if.patch
     # Use sysconfigdata to find headers. Fixes cross-compilation of extension modules.
     ./3.7/fix-finding-headers-when-cross-compiling.patch
-  ] ++ optionals stdenv.hostPlatform.isLoongArch64 [
+  ] ++ optionals (pythonOlder "3.12") [
     # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/90656
     ./loongarch-support.patch
+  ] ++ optionals (pythonAtLeast "3.11" && pythonOlder "3.13") [
+    # backport fix for https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/95855
+    ./platform-triplet-detection.patch
   ] ++ optionals (stdenv.hostPlatform.isMinGW) (let
     # https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/mingw-python3
     mingw-patch = fetchgit {