diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/games/quake3-server.nix b/nixos/modules/services/games/quake3-server.nix
index d0bc52102277..98e74eb71f69 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/games/quake3-server.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/games/quake3-server.nix
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ in
       systemd.services.q3ds = {
         description = "Quake 3 dedicated server";
         wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-        after = [ "networking.target" ];
+        after = [ "network.target" ];
 
         environment.HOME = if baseq3InStore then home else cfg.baseq3;
 
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/govee2mqtt.nix b/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/govee2mqtt.nix
index afdff7b8e047..48c676538ddf 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/govee2mqtt.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/home-automation/govee2mqtt.nix
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ in
       description = "Govee2MQTT Service";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       after = [
-        "networking.target"
+        "network.target"
         "network-online.target"
       ];
       requires = [ "network-online.target" ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/alerta.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/alerta.nix
index ea8694727c63..702bc3f90150 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/alerta.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/alerta.nix
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ in
     systemd.services.alerta = {
       description = "Alerta Monitoring System";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      after = [ "networking.target" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" ];
       environment = {
         ALERTA_SVR_CONF_FILE = alertaConf;
       };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/grafana.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/grafana.nix
index edcfc592d0d1..e26600bd0e8e 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/grafana.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/grafana.nix
@@ -2045,7 +2045,7 @@ in
       description = "Grafana Service Daemon";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       after = [
-        "networking.target"
+        "network.target"
       ]
       ++ lib.optional usePostgresql "postgresql.target"
       ++ lib.optional useMysql "mysql.service";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/kapacitor.nix b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/kapacitor.nix
index db4ed1beb12b..960703b771df 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/kapacitor.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/monitoring/kapacitor.nix
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ in
     systemd.services.kapacitor = {
       description = "Kapacitor Real-Time Stream Processing Engine";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      after = [ "networking.target" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" ];
       serviceConfig = {
         ExecStart = "${pkgs.kapacitor}/bin/kapacitord -config ${kapacitorConf}";
         User = "kapacitor";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/litestream/default.nix b/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/litestream/default.nix
index d8d3440c25d3..487ee36a81f1 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/litestream/default.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/network-filesystems/litestream/default.nix
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ in
     systemd.services.litestream = {
       description = "Litestream";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      after = [ "networking.target" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" ];
       serviceConfig = {
         EnvironmentFile = lib.mkIf (cfg.environmentFile != null) cfg.environmentFile;
         ExecStart = "${cfg.package}/bin/litestream replicate";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/convos.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/convos.nix
index e99edf0cc35d..84a21dc643d1 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/convos.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/convos.nix
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ in
     systemd.services.convos = {
       description = "Convos Service";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      after = [ "networking.target" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" ];
       environment = {
         CONVOS_HOME = "%S/convos";
         CONVOS_REVERSE_PROXY = if cfg.reverseProxy then "1" else "0";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/cryptpad.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/cryptpad.nix
index 4a38d9589678..cc24766b4763 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/cryptpad.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/cryptpad.nix
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ in
       systemd.services.cryptpad = {
         description = "Cryptpad service";
         wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-        after = [ "networking.target" ];
+        after = [ "network.target" ];
         serviceConfig = {
           BindReadOnlyPaths = [
             cryptpadConfigFile
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/dex.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/dex.nix
index 745d9bdb1fa8..10fc56d1a855 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/dex.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/dex.nix
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ in
       description = "dex identity provider";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
       after = [
-        "networking.target"
+        "network.target"
       ]
       ++ (optional (cfg.settings.storage.type == "postgres") "postgresql.target");
       path = with pkgs; [ replace-secret ];
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/hedgedoc.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/hedgedoc.nix
index 07ed6b3a056d..61ad0a3a1a05 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/hedgedoc.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/hedgedoc.nix
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ in
       description = "HedgeDoc Service";
       documentation = [ "https://docs.hedgedoc.org/" ];
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      after = [ "networking.target" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" ];
       preStart =
         let
           configFile = settingsFormat.generate "hedgedoc-config.json" {
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/hledger-web.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/hledger-web.nix
index a7a2cf9192ba..bc9eeea4e2de 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/hledger-web.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/hledger-web.nix
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ in
           "https://hledger.org/hledger-web.html"
         ];
         wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-        after = [ "networking.target" ];
+        after = [ "network.target" ];
         serviceConfig = mkMerge [
           {
             ExecStart = "${pkgs.hledger-web}/bin/hledger-web ${serverArgs}";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/node-red.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/node-red.nix
index 1b999e7abc86..bea41d241396 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/node-red.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/node-red.nix
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ in
     systemd.services.node-red = {
       description = "Node-RED Service";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      after = [ "networking.target" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" ];
       environment = {
         HOME = cfg.userDir;
       };
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/outline.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/outline.nix
index e61ef35df28e..3ab7bb88eaec 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/outline.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/outline.nix
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ in
         description = "Outline wiki and knowledge base";
         wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
         after = [
-          "networking.target"
+          "network.target"
         ]
         ++ lib.optional (cfg.databaseUrl == "local") "postgresql.target"
         ++ lib.optional (cfg.redisUrl == "local") "redis-outline.service";
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/powerdns-admin.nix b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/powerdns-admin.nix
index e990807d00b4..4247dca696f9 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/powerdns-admin.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/powerdns-admin.nix
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ in
     systemd.services.powerdns-admin = {
       description = "PowerDNS web interface";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
-      after = [ "networking.target" ];
+      after = [ "network.target" ];
 
       environment.FLASK_CONF = builtins.toFile "powerdns-admin-config.py" configText;
       environment.PYTHONPATH = pkgs.powerdns-admin.pythonPath;
diff --git a/nixos/tests/certmgr.nix b/nixos/tests/certmgr.nix
index f6ef1b03fcab..44d4af92017a 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/certmgr.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/certmgr.nix
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ let
             };
             systemd.services.cfssl.after = [
               "cfssl-init.service"
-              "networking.target"
+              "network.target"
             ];
 
             systemd.tmpfiles.rules = [ "d /var/ssl 777 root root" ];