diff --git a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/docker.nix b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/docker.nix
index 099d60423f00..26b9e9cbaf73 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/virtualisation/docker.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/virtualisation/docker.nix
@@ -157,6 +157,14 @@ in
           Whether to periodically prune Docker resources. If enabled, a
           systemd timer will run `docker system prune -f`
           as specified by the `dates` option.
+
+          NOTE: by default this does not prune volumes. Anonymous volumes
+          can be pruned by passing "--volumes" to [autoPrune.flags](#opt-virtualisation.docker.autoPrune.flags).
+
+          To prune all volumes (not just anonymous ones) [`autoPrune.allVolumes.enable`](#opt-virtualisation.docker.autoPrune.allVolumes.enable)
+          must be used.
+
+          See [upstream documentation](https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/system/prune/#description) for further information.
         '';
       };
 
@@ -206,6 +214,28 @@ in
           system was powered down.
         '';
       };
+
+      allVolumes = {
+        enable = mkOption {
+          type = types.bool;
+          default = false;
+          description = ''
+            Whether to periodically prune all Docker volumes when auto pruning other docker resources
+            by running {command}`docker volume prune --force --all`
+
+            To prune only anonymous volumes, instead pass `--volumes` to `autoPrune.flags`
+          '';
+        };
+
+        flags = mkOption {
+          type = types.listOf types.str;
+          default = [ ];
+          example = [ "--filter=label=<label>" ];
+          description = ''
+            Any additional flags passed to {command}`docker volume prune --force --all`.
+          '';
+        };
+      };
     };
 
     package = mkPackageOption pkgs "docker" { };
@@ -312,15 +342,29 @@ in
 
         serviceConfig = {
           Type = "oneshot";
-          ExecStart = utils.escapeSystemdExecArgs (
-            [
-              (lib.getExe cfg.package)
-              "system"
-              "prune"
-              "-f"
-            ]
-            ++ cfg.autoPrune.flags
-          );
+          ExecStart = [
+            (utils.escapeSystemdExecArgs (
+              [
+                (lib.getExe cfg.package)
+                "system"
+                "prune"
+                "-f"
+              ]
+              ++ cfg.autoPrune.flags
+            ))
+          ]
+          ++ (optionals cfg.autoPrune.allVolumes.enable [
+            (utils.escapeSystemdExecArgs (
+              [
+                (lib.getExe cfg.package)
+                "volume"
+                "prune"
+                "--force"
+                "--all"
+              ]
+              ++ cfg.autoPrune.allVolumes.flags
+            ))
+          ]);
         };
 
         startAt = optional cfg.autoPrune.enable cfg.autoPrune.dates;
@@ -342,6 +386,10 @@ in
             -> config.hardware.graphics.enable32Bit or false;
           message = "Option enableNvidia on x86_64 requires 32-bit support libraries";
         }
+        {
+          assertion = cfg.autoPrune.allVolumes.enable -> cfg.autoPrune.enable;
+          message = "Option autoPrune.allVolumes.enable requires autoPrune.enable";
+        }
       ];
 
       virtualisation.docker.daemon.settings = {
diff --git a/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix b/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix
index e49f415dc2a1..5f480a1dd532 100644
--- a/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix
+++ b/nixos/tests/all-tests.nix
@@ -467,6 +467,7 @@ in
   dnsdist = import ./dnsdist.nix { inherit pkgs runTest; };
   doas = runTest ./doas.nix;
   docker = runTestOn [ "aarch64-linux" "x86_64-linux" ] ./docker.nix;
+  docker-autoprune = runTestOn [ "aarch64-linux" "x86_64-linux" ] ./docker-autoprune.nix;
   docker-registry = runTest ./docker-registry.nix;
   docker-rootless = runTestOn [ "aarch64-linux" "x86_64-linux" ] ./docker-rootless.nix;
   docker-tools = runTestOn [ "x86_64-linux" ] ./docker-tools.nix;
diff --git a/nixos/tests/docker-autoprune.nix b/nixos/tests/docker-autoprune.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2c7ab1d2eaf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nixos/tests/docker-autoprune.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# This test validates the docker autoprune service, testing whether
+# the default configuration cleans up images, while leaving volumes intact
+# and whether the allVolumes option enables cleaning up volumes as well
+{ pkgs, ... }:
+{
+  name = "docker";
+
+  nodes = {
+    prune =
+      { pkgs, ... }:
+      {
+        virtualisation.docker = {
+          enable = true;
+          package = pkgs.docker;
+          autoPrune = {
+            enable = true;
+          };
+        };
+      };
+    prunevolumes =
+      { pkgs, ... }:
+      {
+        virtualisation.docker = {
+          enable = true;
+          package = pkgs.docker;
+          autoPrune = {
+            enable = true;
+            allVolumes.enable = true;
+          };
+        };
+      };
+  };
+
+  testScript = ''
+    start_all()
+
+    with subtest("Check whether autoPrune works. Volumes should be left unpruned."):
+      prune.wait_for_unit("sockets.target")
+      prune.succeed("docker network create testnetwork")
+      prune.succeed("docker network list --format json | grep testnetwork")
+      prune.succeed("docker volume create testvolume")
+      prune.succeed("docker volume list --format json | grep testvolume")
+
+      prune.succeed("systemctl start -v docker-prune")
+      prune.fail("docker network list --format json | grep testnetwork")
+      # the volume has been left alone
+      prune.succeed("docker volume list --format json | grep testvolume")
+
+    with subtest("Check whether autoPrune including volumes works"):
+      prunevolumes.wait_for_unit("sockets.target")
+      prunevolumes.succeed("docker volume create testvolume")
+      prunevolumes.succeed("docker volume list --format json | grep testvolume")
+
+      prunevolumes.succeed("systemctl start -v docker-prune")
+      prunevolumes.fail("docker volume list --format json | grep testvolume")
+  '';
+}