diff --git a/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2411.section.md b/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2411.section.md
index 38168b312e41..348e6be5498c 100644
--- a/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2411.section.md
+++ b/nixos/doc/manual/release-notes/rl-2411.section.md
@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@
 - The Invoiceplane module now only accepts the structured `settings` option.
   `extraConfig` is now removed.
 
+- The `ollama` services replaces its `sandbox` toggle with options to configure
+  a static `user` and `group`. The `writablePaths` option has been removed and
+  the models directory is now always exempt from sandboxing.
+
 - Legacy package `stalwart-mail_0_6` was dropped, please note the
   [manual upgrade process](https://github.com/stalwartlabs/mail-server/blob/main/UPGRADING.md)
   before changing the package to `pkgs.stalwart-mail` in
diff --git a/nixos/modules/services/misc/ollama.nix b/nixos/modules/services/misc/ollama.nix
index a0a32f1702bf..07031a082344 100644
--- a/nixos/modules/services/misc/ollama.nix
+++ b/nixos/modules/services/misc/ollama.nix
@@ -1,75 +1,76 @@
 { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 let
-  inherit (lib) types mkBefore;
+  inherit (lib) literalExpression types mkBefore;
 
   cfg = config.services.ollama;
   ollamaPackage = cfg.package.override {
     inherit (cfg) acceleration;
   };
+
+  staticUser = cfg.user != null && cfg.group != null;
 in
 {
   imports = [
     (lib.mkRemovedOptionModule [ "services" "ollama" "listenAddress" ]
       "Use `services.ollama.host` and `services.ollama.port` instead.")
+    (lib.mkRemovedOptionModule [ "services" "ollama" "sandbox" ]
+      "Set `services.ollama.user` and `services.ollama.group` instead.")
+    (lib.mkRemovedOptionModule [ "services" "ollama" "writablePaths" ]
+      "The `models` directory is now always writable. To make other directories writable, use `systemd.services.ollama.serviceConfig.ReadWritePaths`." )
   ];
 
   options = {
     services.ollama = {
       enable = lib.mkEnableOption "ollama server for local large language models";
       package = lib.mkPackageOption pkgs "ollama" { };
+
+      user = lib.mkOption {
+        type = with types; nullOr str;
+        default = null;
+        example = "ollama";
+        description = ''
+          User account under which to run ollama. Defaults to [`DynamicUser`](https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.exec.html#DynamicUser=)
+          when set to `null`.
+
+          The user will automatically be created, if this option is set to a non-null value.
+        '';
+      };
+
+      group = lib.mkOption {
+        type = with types; nullOr str;
+        default = cfg.user;
+        defaultText = literalExpression "config.services.ollama.user";
+        example = "ollama";
+        description = ''
+          Group under which to run ollama. Only used when `services.ollama.user` is set.
+
+          The group will automatically be created, if this option is set to a non-null value.
+        '';
+      };
+
       home = lib.mkOption {
         type = types.str;
-        default = "%S/ollama";
+        default = "/var/lib/ollama";
         example = "/home/foo";
         description = ''
           The home directory that the ollama service is started in.
-
-          See also `services.ollama.writablePaths` and `services.ollama.sandbox`.
         '';
       };
+
       models = lib.mkOption {
         type = types.str;
-        default = "%S/ollama/models";
+        default = "${cfg.home}/models";
+        defaultText = "\${config.services.ollama.home}/models";
         example = "/path/to/ollama/models";
         description = ''
           The directory that the ollama service will read models from and download new models to.
-
-          See also `services.ollama.writablePaths` and `services.ollama.sandbox`
-          if downloading models or other mutation of the filesystem is required.
         '';
       };
-      sandbox = lib.mkOption {
-        type = types.bool;
-        default = true;
-        example = false;
-        description = ''
-          Whether to enable systemd's sandboxing capabilities.
 
-          This sets [`DynamicUser`](
-          https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.exec.html#DynamicUser=
-          ), which runs the server as a unique user with read-only access to most of the filesystem.
-
-          See also `services.ollama.writablePaths`.
-        '';
-      };
-      writablePaths = lib.mkOption {
-        type = types.listOf types.str;
-        default = [ ];
-        example = [ "/home/foo" "/mnt/foo" ];
-        description = ''
-          Paths that the server should have write access to.
-
-          This sets [`ReadWritePaths`](
-          https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.exec.html#ReadWritePaths=
-          ), which allows specified paths to be written to through the default sandboxing.
-
-          See also `services.ollama.sandbox`.
-        '';
-      };
       host = lib.mkOption {
         type = types.str;
         default = "127.0.0.1";
-        example = "0.0.0.0";
+        example = "[::]";
         description = ''
           The host address which the ollama server HTTP interface listens to.
         '';
@@ -149,6 +150,15 @@ in
   };
 
   config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    users = lib.mkIf staticUser  {
+      users.${cfg.user} = {
+        inherit (cfg) home;
+        isSystemUser = true;
+        group = cfg.group;
+      };
+      groups.${cfg.group} = {};
+    };
+
     systemd.services.ollama = {
       description = "Server for local large language models";
       wantedBy = [ "multi-user.target" ];
@@ -159,12 +169,63 @@ in
         OLLAMA_HOST = "${cfg.host}:${toString cfg.port}";
         HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION = lib.mkIf (cfg.rocmOverrideGfx != null) cfg.rocmOverrideGfx;
       };
-      serviceConfig = {
+      serviceConfig = lib.optionalAttrs staticUser {
+        User = cfg.user;
+        Group = cfg.group;
+      } // {
+        DynamicUser = true;
         ExecStart = "${lib.getExe ollamaPackage} serve";
         WorkingDirectory = cfg.home;
         StateDirectory = [ "ollama" ];
-        DynamicUser = cfg.sandbox;
-        ReadWritePaths = cfg.writablePaths;
+        ReadWritePaths = [
+          cfg.home
+          cfg.models
+        ];
+
+        CapabilityBoundingSet = [ "" ];
+        DeviceAllow = [
+          # CUDA
+          # https://docs.nvidia.com/dgx/pdf/dgx-os-5-user-guide.pdf
+          "char-nvidiactl"
+          "char-nvidia-caps"
+          "char-nvidia-uvm"
+          # ROCm
+          "char-drm"
+          "char-kfd"
+        ];
+        DevicePolicy = "closed";
+        LockPersonality = true;
+        MemoryDenyWriteExecute = true;
+        NoNewPrivileges = true;
+        PrivateDevices = false; # hides acceleration devices
+        PrivateTmp = true;
+        PrivateUsers = true;
+        ProcSubset = "all"; # /proc/meminfo
+        ProtectClock = true;
+        ProtectControlGroups = true;
+        ProtectHome = true;
+        ProtectHostname = true;
+        ProtectKernelLogs = true;
+        ProtectKernelModules = true;
+        ProtectKernelTunables = true;
+        ProtectProc = "invisible";
+        ProtectSystem = "strict";
+        RemoveIPC = true;
+        RestrictNamespaces = true;
+        RestrictRealtime = true;
+        RestrictSUIDSGID = true;
+        RestrictAddressFamilies = [
+          "AF_INET"
+          "AF_INET6"
+          "AF_UNIX"
+        ];
+        SupplementaryGroups = [ "render" ]; # for rocm to access /dev/dri/renderD* devices
+        SystemCallArchitectures = "native";
+        SystemCallFilter = [
+          "@system-service @resources"
+          "~@privileged"
+        ];
+        UMask = "0077";
       };
       postStart = mkBefore ''
         set -x