diff --git a/pkgs/development/libraries/nlopt/default.nix b/pkgs/development/libraries/nlopt/default.nix
index ec5effa6dae3..51386f659748 100644
--- a/pkgs/development/libraries/nlopt/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/development/libraries/nlopt/default.nix
@@ -2,33 +2,90 @@
   lib,
   stdenv,
   fetchFromGitHub,
+  fetchpatch,
   cmake,
   nix-update-script,
   # Optionally build Python bindings
   withPython ? false,
   python3,
   python3Packages,
-  swig,
   # Optionally build Octave bindings
   withOctave ? false,
   octave,
+  # Optionally build Java bindings
+  withJava ? false,
+  jdk,
+  # Required for building the Python and Java bindings
+  swig,
+  # Optionally exclude Luksan solvers to allow licensing under MIT
+  withoutLuksanSolvers ? false,
   # Build static on-demand
   withStatic ? stdenv.hostPlatform.isStatic,
+
+  # v2.8.0 introduced a regression where testing on Linux platforms fails with a buffer overflow
+  # when compiled with -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3.
+  # This was deemed to be a compiler false positive by the library's author in https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/issues/563.
+  # Building with `clangStdenv` prevents this from occurring.
+  clangStdenv,
 }:
 let
   buildPythonBindingsEnv = python3.withPackages (p: [ p.numpy ]);
+  buildDocsEnv = python3.withPackages (p: [
+    p.mkdocs
+    p.python-markdown-math
+  ]);
 in
-stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
+clangStdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
   pname = "nlopt";
-  version = "2.7.1";
+  version = "2.10.0";
 
   src = fetchFromGitHub {
     owner = "stevengj";
     repo = "nlopt";
     tag = "v${finalAttrs.version}";
-    hash = "sha256-TgieCX7yUdTAEblzXY/gCN0r6F9TVDh4RdNDjQdXZ1o=";
+    hash = "sha256-mZRmhXrApxfiJedk+L/poIP2DR/BkV04c5fiwPGAyjI=";
   };
 
+  outputs = [
+    "out"
+    "doc"
+  ];
+
+  patches = [
+    # 26-03-2025: `mkdocs.yml` is missing a link for the subpage related to the Java bindings.
+    # 26-03-2025: This commit was merged after v2.10.0 was released, and has not been made
+    # 26-03-2025: part of a release.
+    (fetchpatch {
+      name = "missing-java-reference-mkdocs";
+      url = "https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/commit/7e34f1a6fe82ed27daa6111d83c4d5629555454b.patch";
+      hash = "sha256-XivfZtgIGLyTtU+Zo2jSQAx2mVdGLJ8PD7VSSvGR/5Q=";
+    })
+
+    # 26-03-2025: The docs pages still list v2.7.1 as the newest version.
+    # 26-03-2025: This commit was merged after v2.10.0 was released, and has not been made
+    # 26-03-2025: part of a release.
+    (fetchpatch {
+      name = "update-index-md";
+      url = "https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/commit/2c4147832eff7ea15d0536c82351a9e169f85e43.patch";
+      hash = "sha256-BXcbNUyu20f3N146v6v9cpjSj5CwuDtesp6lAqOK2KY=";
+    })
+
+    # 26-03-2025: There is an off-by-one error in the test/CMakeLists.txt
+    # 26-03-2025: that causes the tests to attempt to run disabled Luksan solver code,
+    # 26-03-2025: which in turn causes the test suite to fail.
+    # 26-03-2025: See https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/pull/605
+    (fetchpatch {
+      name = "fix-nondisabled-luksan-algorithm";
+      url = "https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/commit/7817ec19f21be6877a4b79777fc5315a52c6850b.patch";
+      hash = "sha256-KgdAMSYKOQuraun4HNr9GOx48yjyeQk6W3IgWRA44oo=";
+    })
+  ];
+
+  postPatch = ''
+    substituteInPlace nlopt.pc.in \
+      --replace-fail 'libdir=''${exec_prefix}/@NLOPT_INSTALL_LIBDIR@' 'libdir=@NLOPT_INSTALL_LIBDIR@'
+  '';
+
   nativeBuildInputs =
     [ cmake ]
     ## Building the python bindings requires SWIG, and numpy in addition to the CXX routines.
@@ -37,6 +94,11 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
       swig
       buildPythonBindingsEnv
     ]
+    ## Building the java bindings requires SWIG, C++, JNI and Java
+    ++ lib.optionals withJava [
+      swig
+      jdk
+    ]
     ## Building octave bindings requires `mkoctfile` to be installed.
     ++ lib.optional withOctave octave;
 
@@ -49,16 +111,25 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
       (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_CXX" true)
       (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_PYTHON" withPython)
       (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_OCTAVE" withOctave)
-      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_SWIG" withPython)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_JAVA" withJava)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_SWIG" (withPython || withJava))
       (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_FORTRAN" false)
       (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_MATLAB" false)
       (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_GUILE" false)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_LUKSAN" (!withoutLuksanSolvers))
       (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_TESTS" finalAttrs.doCheck)
     ]
     ++ lib.optional withPython (
       lib.cmakeFeature "Python_EXECUTABLE" "${buildPythonBindingsEnv.interpreter}"
     );
 
+  postBuild = ''
+    ${buildDocsEnv.interpreter} -m mkdocs build \
+      --config-file ../mkdocs.yml \
+      --site-dir $doc \
+      --no-directory-urls
+  '';
+
   doCheck = true;
 
   postFixup = ''
@@ -72,7 +143,7 @@ stdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
     homepage = "https://nlopt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/";
     changelog = "https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/releases/tag/v${finalAttrs.version}";
     description = "Free open-source library for nonlinear optimization";
-    license = lib.licenses.lgpl21Plus;
+    license = if withoutLuksanSolvers then lib.licenses.mit else lib.licenses.lgpl21Plus;
     platforms = lib.platforms.all;
     maintainers = [ lib.maintainers.bengsparks ];
   };