diff --git a/pkgs/development/libraries/nlopt/default.nix b/pkgs/development/libraries/nlopt/default.nix
index 1e1f5f01c382..51386f659748 100644
--- a/pkgs/development/libraries/nlopt/default.nix
+++ b/pkgs/development/libraries/nlopt/default.nix
@@ -2,50 +2,149 @@
   lib,
   stdenv,
   fetchFromGitHub,
+  fetchpatch,
   cmake,
-  octave ? null,
-  libiconv,
-}:
+  nix-update-script,
+  # Optionally build Python bindings
+  withPython ? false,
+  python3,
+  python3Packages,
+  # Optionally build Octave bindings
+  withOctave ? false,
+  octave,
+  # Optionally build Java bindings
+  withJava ? false,
+  jdk,
+  # Required for building the Python and Java bindings
+  swig,
+  # Optionally exclude Luksan solvers to allow licensing under MIT
+  withoutLuksanSolvers ? false,
+  # Build static on-demand
+  withStatic ? stdenv.hostPlatform.isStatic,
 
-stdenv.mkDerivation rec {
+  # v2.8.0 introduced a regression where testing on Linux platforms fails with a buffer overflow
+  # when compiled with -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3.
+  # This was deemed to be a compiler false positive by the library's author in https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/issues/563.
+  # Building with `clangStdenv` prevents this from occurring.
+  clangStdenv,
+}:
+let
+  buildPythonBindingsEnv = python3.withPackages (p: [ p.numpy ]);
+  buildDocsEnv = python3.withPackages (p: [
+    p.mkdocs
+    p.python-markdown-math
+  ]);
+in
+clangStdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
   pname = "nlopt";
-  version = "2.7.1";
+  version = "2.10.0";
 
   src = fetchFromGitHub {
     owner = "stevengj";
-    repo = pname;
-    rev = "v${version}";
-    sha256 = "sha256-TgieCX7yUdTAEblzXY/gCN0r6F9TVDh4RdNDjQdXZ1o=";
+    repo = "nlopt";
+    tag = "v${finalAttrs.version}";
+    hash = "sha256-mZRmhXrApxfiJedk+L/poIP2DR/BkV04c5fiwPGAyjI=";
   };
 
-  nativeBuildInputs = [ cmake ] ++ lib.optionals stdenv.hostPlatform.isDarwin [ libiconv ];
-  buildInputs = [ octave ];
+  outputs = [
+    "out"
+    "doc"
+  ];
 
-  configureFlags =
-    [
-      "--with-cxx"
-      "--enable-shared"
-      "--with-pic"
-      "--without-guile"
-      "--without-python"
-      "--without-matlab"
+  patches = [
+    # 26-03-2025: `mkdocs.yml` is missing a link for the subpage related to the Java bindings.
+    # 26-03-2025: This commit was merged after v2.10.0 was released, and has not been made
+    # 26-03-2025: part of a release.
+    (fetchpatch {
+      name = "missing-java-reference-mkdocs";
+      url = "https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/commit/7e34f1a6fe82ed27daa6111d83c4d5629555454b.patch";
+      hash = "sha256-XivfZtgIGLyTtU+Zo2jSQAx2mVdGLJ8PD7VSSvGR/5Q=";
+    })
+
+    # 26-03-2025: The docs pages still list v2.7.1 as the newest version.
+    # 26-03-2025: This commit was merged after v2.10.0 was released, and has not been made
+    # 26-03-2025: part of a release.
+    (fetchpatch {
+      name = "update-index-md";
+      url = "https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/commit/2c4147832eff7ea15d0536c82351a9e169f85e43.patch";
+      hash = "sha256-BXcbNUyu20f3N146v6v9cpjSj5CwuDtesp6lAqOK2KY=";
+    })
+
+    # 26-03-2025: There is an off-by-one error in the test/CMakeLists.txt
+    # 26-03-2025: that causes the tests to attempt to run disabled Luksan solver code,
+    # 26-03-2025: which in turn causes the test suite to fail.
+    # 26-03-2025: See https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/pull/605
+    (fetchpatch {
+      name = "fix-nondisabled-luksan-algorithm";
+      url = "https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/commit/7817ec19f21be6877a4b79777fc5315a52c6850b.patch";
+      hash = "sha256-KgdAMSYKOQuraun4HNr9GOx48yjyeQk6W3IgWRA44oo=";
+    })
+  ];
+
+  postPatch = ''
+    substituteInPlace nlopt.pc.in \
+      --replace-fail 'libdir=''${exec_prefix}/@NLOPT_INSTALL_LIBDIR@' 'libdir=@NLOPT_INSTALL_LIBDIR@'
+  '';
+
+  nativeBuildInputs =
+    [ cmake ]
+    ## Building the python bindings requires SWIG, and numpy in addition to the CXX routines.
+    ## The tests also make use of the same interpreter to test the bindings.
+    ++ lib.optionals withPython [
+      swig
+      buildPythonBindingsEnv
     ]
-    ++ lib.optionals (octave != null) [
-      "--with-octave"
-      "M_INSTALL_DIR=$(out)/${octave.sitePath}/m"
-      "OCT_INSTALL_DIR=$(out)/${octave.sitePath}/oct"
-    ];
+    ## Building the java bindings requires SWIG, C++, JNI and Java
+    ++ lib.optionals withJava [
+      swig
+      jdk
+    ]
+    ## Building octave bindings requires `mkoctfile` to be installed.
+    ++ lib.optional withOctave octave;
+
+  # Python bindings depend on numpy at import time.
+  propagatedBuildInputs = lib.optional withPython python3Packages.numpy;
+
+  cmakeFlags =
+    [
+      (lib.cmakeBool "BUILD_SHARED_LIBS" (!withStatic))
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_CXX" true)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_PYTHON" withPython)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_OCTAVE" withOctave)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_JAVA" withJava)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_SWIG" (withPython || withJava))
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_FORTRAN" false)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_MATLAB" false)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_GUILE" false)
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_LUKSAN" (!withoutLuksanSolvers))
+      (lib.cmakeBool "NLOPT_TESTS" finalAttrs.doCheck)
+    ]
+    ++ lib.optional withPython (
+      lib.cmakeFeature "Python_EXECUTABLE" "${buildPythonBindingsEnv.interpreter}"
+    );
+
+  postBuild = ''
+    ${buildDocsEnv.interpreter} -m mkdocs build \
+      --config-file ../mkdocs.yml \
+      --site-dir $doc \
+      --no-directory-urls
+  '';
+
+  doCheck = true;
 
   postFixup = ''
-    substituteInPlace $out/lib/cmake/nlopt/NLoptLibraryDepends.cmake --replace \
+    substituteInPlace $out/lib/cmake/nlopt/NLoptLibraryDepends.cmake --replace-fail \
       'INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "''${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/' 'INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "'
   '';
 
+  passthru.updateScript = nix-update-script { };
+
   meta = {
     homepage = "https://nlopt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/";
+    changelog = "https://github.com/stevengj/nlopt/releases/tag/v${finalAttrs.version}";
     description = "Free open-source library for nonlinear optimization";
-    license = lib.licenses.lgpl21Plus;
-    hydraPlatforms = lib.platforms.linux;
+    license = if withoutLuksanSolvers then lib.licenses.mit else lib.licenses.lgpl21Plus;
+    platforms = lib.platforms.all;
+    maintainers = [ lib.maintainers.bengsparks ];
   };
-
-}
+})
diff --git a/pkgs/development/python-modules/nlopt/default.nix b/pkgs/development/python-modules/nlopt/default.nix
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..55bfc2d2884c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/development/python-modules/nlopt/default.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  toPythonModule,
+  pkgs,
+}:
+toPythonModule (pkgs.nlopt.override { withPython = true; })
diff --git a/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix b/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
index 587278790793..87e9c90b0156 100644
--- a/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
+++ b/pkgs/top-level/all-packages.nix
@@ -4493,7 +4493,7 @@ with pkgs;
 
   nifskope = libsForQt5.callPackage ../tools/graphics/nifskope { };
 
-  nlopt = callPackage ../development/libraries/nlopt { octave = null; };
+  nlopt = callPackage ../development/libraries/nlopt { };
 
   notation = callPackage ../by-name/no/notation/package.nix {
     buildGoModule = buildGo123Module;
diff --git a/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix b/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix
index f0df408a0e00..3801f420f181 100644
--- a/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix
+++ b/pkgs/top-level/python-packages.nix
@@ -9933,6 +9933,8 @@ self: super: with self; {
 
   nkdfu = callPackage ../development/python-modules/nkdfu { };
 
+  nlopt = callPackage ../development/python-modules/nlopt { };
+
   nlpcloud = callPackage ../development/python-modules/nlpcloud { };
 
   nlpo3 = callPackage ../development/python-modules/nlpo3 { };